Tugas TOEFL 3

Name :Muhammad Gorby Alviansyah

NPM : 26209212

Class : 3EB14

In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus. The warm climate for outdoor activities, the need for preparedness in war, and their lifestyle caused the Greeks to create competitive sports. Only the elite and military could participate at first, but later the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contest in running, jumping, discuss and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung about their deeds. Originally these contests were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place. They also helped to strengthen bonds among competitors and the different cities represented.

            The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C. The contest coincided with religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the part of the participants to please the gods. Any who disobeyed the rules were dismissed and seriously punished. These athletes brought shame not only to themselves, but also to the cities they represented.

1.      Which of the following is NOT true?

a.    Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads.

b.    The games were held in Greece every four years.

c.     Battles were interrupted to participate in the games.

d.    Poem glorified the winners in song

Answer : A. Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads 

The Reason :  karena pemenang tidak hanya ditempatkan karangan bunga olived di kepala mereka sendiri tetapi Pemenang sangat terhormat dengan memiliki karangan bunga zaitun ditempatkan pada kepala mereka.

2.      The word “elite” in line 5 is closest in meaning to...

a.    Aristocracy

b.    Brave

c.     Intellectuals

d.    Muscular

Answer : A. Aristocracy

The Reason : Elite dan aristokrasi adalah memiliki arti yang sama: kelas istimewa memegang gelar keturunan atau anggota paling kuat dari masyarakat.

3.      Why were The Olympic Games held?

a.    To stop wars

b.    To honor Zeus

c.     To crown the best athletes

d.    To sing songs about the athletes

Answer : B. To Honor Zeus

 The Reason : di baris 1 menjelaskan bahwa Olimpiade pertama permainan diadakan di kaki Gunung Olympus untuk menghormati orang-orang Yunani 'kepala dewa, Zeus.

4.    Approximately how many years ago did these game originate?

a.    800 years       

b.   1200 years     

c.    2300 years    

d.   2800 years

Answer : D. 2800 years

The reason : Pada 776 SM sampai 2012 adalah sekitar 2800. Jadi, Olimpiade dimulai lebih dari 2.700 tahun yang lalu.

5.   What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?

a.    They were pacifists.

b.    They believed athletic events were important

c.     They were very simple

d.    They couldn’t count, so they used “Olympiads” for dates

Answer : B. They believed athletic events were important 

The reason : Kesimpulannya adalah Mereka belived acara-acara olahraga itu penting, karena orang Yunani kepentingan yang sangat banyak kepada permainan yang mereka menghitung waktu dalam empat siklus tahun bernama Olimpiade. Dan Orang-orang Yunani menekankan kebugaran fisik dan kekuatan dalam pendidikan kaum muda.

 

6.  What is the main idea of this passage?

a.    Physical fitness was an integral part of the lives of the ancient Greeks.

     b.    The Greeks severely punished those who did not participate in physical fitness programs.

c.     The Greeks had always encouraged everyone to participate in the games.

d.    The Greeks had the games coincide with religious festivites so that they could go back to war when the games were over.

Answer : A. Physical fitness was an integral part of the lives of the ancient Greeks.

The reason : Karena script ini mengandung dalam bahwa orang Yunani menekankan kebugaran fisik dan kekuatan dalam pendidikan kaum muda.

 

7.  In line 14, the word “deeds” is closest in meaning to...

a.    Accomplishments

b.    Ancestors

c.     Documents

d.    Property

Answer : A. Accomplishments

The reason : dalam bahasa Indonesia, perbuatan ini berarti 'perbuatan'. Tapi dalam kasus ini, para pemenang Olimpiade sedang mengalami puisi dinyanyikan tentang perbuatan mereka, jadi 'perbuatan' lebih mengacu pada 'prestasi' yang berarti 'pencapaian'.

8.  Which of the following was ultimately required of all athletes in the Olympics?

a.    They must have completed military service

b.    They had to attend special training sessions

c.     They had to be Greek males with no criminal record

d.    They had to be very religious

Answer : C. They had to be Greek males with no criminal record

The reason : di baris 6 menunjukkan bahwa "tetapi kemudian permainan yang terbuka untuk semua laki-laki Yunani bebas yang tidak memiliki catatan kriminal.

 

9.  The word “halted” in line 16 means most nearly the same as...

a.    Encourages

b.    Started

c.     Curtailed

d.    Fixed

Answer : C. Curtailed

The reason : dalam bahasa Bahasa Indonesia dihentikan itu berarti sama dengan diberhentikan Memutuskan yang berarti dibatasi / dikurangi.

10.  What is an “Olympiad” ?

a.    The time it took to finish the games

b.    The time between games

c.     The it took to nfinish war

d.    The time it took te athletes to train

Answer : B. The time between games

The reason :dalam artikel menjelaskan bahwa "Orang-orang Yunani kepentingan yang sangat banyak kepada permainan yang mereka menghitung waktu dalam empat tahun siklus yang disebut" Olimpiade "dan karena sinonim dari Olimpiade juga bisa diartikan sebagai Waktu antara permainan.

 STYLISTIC PROBLEM

1.   The defendant refused to answer the prosecutor’s quetions...

a.    Because he was afraid it would incriminate him

b.    For fear that they will incriminate him

c.     Because he was afraid that his answer would incriminate him

d.    Fearing that he will be incriminated by it

Answer : C. Because he was afraid that his answer would incriminate

The reason  : Karena kalimat adalah memiliki antecedent untuk kata ganti “he” 

2.   Mrs. Walker has returned...

a.    A wallet back to its original owner

b.    To its original owner the wallet

c.     The wallet to its originally owner

d.    The wallet to its original owner

Answer : D. The wallet to its original owner

The reason  : 

 

(A) Style error. It is redundant to say return … back.

(B) Grammar error. When the indirect object precedes the direct object, no preposition is possible.

(C) Grammar error. Originally is an adverb and is not correct because it modifies the noun owner.

(D) “Original” is correct because it explain the noun “owner

3.  The hospital owes.....for the consrtuction of the new wing.

a.    The government twenty million dollars

b.    For the government twenty million dollars

c.     To the government twenty million dollars

d.    Twenty million of dollars to the government

Answer : A. The government twenty million dollars

The reason  : Karena dalam kalimat ini tidak dapat menggunakan preposition (like for, to, and of) 

ketika objek tidak langsung mendahului objek langsung.

4.   Sarah....that she could not attend classes next week.

a.    Told to her professors

b.    Said her professors

c.     Told her professors

d.    Is telling her professors

Answer : C. Told her professors

The reason  : Tata bahasa kata profesornya adalah past perfect tense. Dan told 

harus diikuti langsung oleh indirect object.

5.   The artist was asked to show some paintings at the contest because....

a.    He painted very good

b.    They belived he painted well

c.    Of their belief that he was an good artist

d.    The judges had been told of his talents

Answer : D. The judges had been told of his talents

The reason  : Karena, The judges antecendent yang benar kata ganti dan pilihan lain they dan their tidak dapat digunakan untuk kalimat ini.

6.   If motorist do not observe the traffic regulations, they will be stopped, ticketed, and have to pay a fine.

The Incorrect Answer : D. Have to pay a fine

The reason  : fine harusnya fined. Untuk struktur paralel, semua participles masa lalu diperlukan.

7.   Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsals, did not show up last night because he had an accident on his way to the practice.

The Incorrect Answer : C. Had

The Reason : had seharusnya had had. Past perfect harus digunakan; accident itu terjadi pertama.

8.   A short time before her operation last month, Mrs.Carlyle dreams of her daughter who lives overseas.

The Incorrect Answer : C. Dreams

The Reason  : dreams harusnya dreamed. Gunakan waktu terakhir karena hal itu terjadi bulan lalu.

9.    The atmosphere in Andalucia is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling to all who have the good fortune to visit there.

The Incorrect Answer : B. And gives a welcome feeling

The Reason : welcome harusnya welcoming. Untuk struktur paralel, semua kata sifat yang diperlukan.

10.  Some of the people were standing in the street watched the parade, while others were singing songs.

The Incorrect Answer : C. Watched

The Reason : watched seharusnya watching. Were standing … watching adalah struktur paralel yang benar.